Sanitary Pads Raw Material Composition and Properties

# Sanitary Pads Raw Material Composition and Properties

Sanitary pads are essential hygiene products used by millions of women worldwide. Understanding the raw materials used in their production is crucial for ensuring quality, comfort, and safety. This article delves into the composition and properties of the primary raw materials used in sanitary pads.

## 1. Absorbent Core

The absorbent core is the heart of a sanitary pad, responsible for absorbing menstrual fluid. It is typically made from a combination of the following materials:

– **Wood Pulp**: A natural, biodegradable material that provides excellent absorbency.
– **Super Absorbent Polymer (SAP)**: A synthetic material that can absorb and retain large amounts of liquid relative to its own mass.

### Properties of the Absorbent Core

– **High Absorbency**: The core must efficiently absorb and retain menstrual fluid to prevent leakage.
– **Softness**: It should be soft to ensure comfort during use.
– **Biodegradability**: Wood pulp is biodegradable, making it an environmentally friendly option.

## 2. Top Sheet

The top sheet is the layer that comes into direct contact with the skin. It is designed to be soft, smooth, and quick-drying. Common materials used include:

– **Nonwoven Fabric**: Made from synthetic fibers like polypropylene or polyethylene, providing a soft and breathable surface.
– **Perforated Film**: A thin, flexible film with tiny holes that allow liquid to pass through while keeping the surface dry.

### Properties of the Top Sheet

– **Softness**: Ensures comfort and prevents irritation.
– **Quick-Drying**: Helps keep the skin dry and comfortable.
– **Breathability**: Allows air to circulate, reducing the risk of skin irritation.

## 3. Back Sheet

The back sheet is the outermost layer of the sanitary pad, designed to prevent leakage and provide a barrier against moisture. Materials commonly used include:

– **Polyethylene Film**: A waterproof material that prevents leakage.
– **Nonwoven Fabric**: Sometimes used for added comfort and breathability.

### Properties of the Back Sheet

– **Waterproof**: Prevents menstrual fluid from leaking through the pad.
– **Flexibility**: Allows the pad to conform to the body for a secure fit.
– **Durability**: Ensures the pad remains intact during use.

## 4. Adhesive

Adhesive is used to secure the sanitary pad in place. It is typically applied to the back sheet and can be made from:

– **Hot Melt Adhesive**: A type of glue that becomes sticky when heated and solidifies upon cooling.
– **Pressure-Sensitive Adhesive**: Adheres to surfaces upon application of light pressure.

### Properties of Adhesive

– **Strong Adhesion**: Ensures the pad stays in place during use.
– **Skin-Friendly**: Should not cause irritation or allergic reactions.
– **Residue-Free**: Should not leave sticky residue on clothing or skin.

## 5. Release Paper

Release paper is used to cover the adhesive before the pad is used. It is typically made from:

– **Silicone-Coated Paper**: Provides a non-stick surface that can be easily peeled off.

### Properties of Release Paper

– **Easy Removal**: Should peel off smoothly without tearing.
– **Non-Stick Surface**: Prevents the adhesive from sticking to the paper before use.

## Conclusion

The raw materials used in sanitary pads are carefully selected to ensure optimal performance, comfort, and safety. From the absorbent core to the adhesive, each component plays a vital role in the overall functionality of the product. Understanding these materials and their properties can help consumers make informed choices and appreciate the engineering behind these essential hygiene products.